The health belief model is a framework that helps indicate whether a person will adopt or not a recommended health behaviour. The health belief model tries to identify how a person thinks and if they will take certain health actions. It has several components that when put together indicate how likely a person is to take a particular action for preventative health. The health belief model assumes that all individuals make decisions in a rational manner, by weighing up the pros and cons before acting in the most reasonable manner.
National health survey, hospital discharges and length of stay. Health belief models impact on immunizations, vaccines. However, despite considerable research efforts in this area, there is a lack of theoretically guided studies that could help advance our understanding of patient. The health belief model hbm posits that messages will achieve optimal behavior change if they successfully target perceived barriers, benefits, selfefficacy, and threat.
The health belief model essay 1844 words 8 pages the health belief model hbm of health behaviour change was originally developed in the 1950s in order to understand and explain why vaccination and screening programs being implemented at the time were not meeting with success edberg 2007. Evidence of models performance health belief model. Health belief model the health belief model is one of the oldest models of health behavior, but is still very relevant when discussing health behavior change. Access to society journal content varies across our titles. Dec 19, 2012 the health belief model hbm has been widely adapted and applied in various health domains. The health belief model hbm tries to identify how individuals think and if they will take certain healthful actions given adequate information.
Shortstay hospitals, united states, 19581960, public health service publication number 584b32. There are several limitations of the hbm which limit its utility in public health. The health belief model is a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. The health belief model scale for cervical cancer and the pap smear test was found to be a valid and reliable tool in assessing the womens health beliefs. An early breakthrough in health education came in the 1950s with the introduction of the health belief model. The development of the theory of planned behavior and health belief model scales. Health belief model and compliance in hypertension pauline e. Public health service and remains one of the best known and most widely used theories in health behavior research. This construct was added to the model most recently in mid1980. The health belief model in addition to a direct relationship between encoded exposure and h1n1 vaccination, it is plausible that indirect effects occurred through hbm variables targeted by the campaign. Rosenstock noted that this was in part due to the difficulty in framing questions in terms of positive health.
Adolescent condom use, the health belief model, and the. This model addresses the readiness to act upon a health behavior based upon several individual beliefs. Apr 25, 2020 the health belief model is a psychological theory explaining why people do or do not engage in preventative health measures, such as getting tested for a disease, eating healthy and exercising, or using condoms. The results of our analysis is that the health belief model is an effective tool for predicting behaviours of individuals in terms of their own health and their childrens health.
Incentive to behave health motivation is also a component of the model. This model was originated in the late 1950s by three united states social psychologists. Theories most often associated with oral health are the health belief model, locus of control, selfefficacy, stages of change, and theory. Using the health belief model to explore why women decide for. Osamor, institute of child health, college of medicine, university of ibadan, nigeria, olanike a. Ojelabi, worcester state university, urban studies department, worcester, ma 01605, usa. The health belief model stipulates that a persons healthrelated behavior depends on the persons perception of four critical areas.
What are the factors, strengths, and weaknesses of the health. Nov 14, 2018 applicability and limitations of the health belief model numerous studies have examined womens decisions for or against having preventive surgery to reduce their cancer risk 23. It is one of the most widely used models for understanding health behaviors. This variable includes perceived susceptibility of contracting a health condition and its perceived severity once contracted. However, it has many limitations that need to be addressed in order for it to function more effectively. The hbm was developed in the 1950s by social psychologists at the u. The bps model additionally allows for the consideration of such issues like the belief factors associated with healing i.
Despite its popularity, the hbm has limitations, which stems from its low predictive capability. The health belief model hbm is a social psychological health behavior change model developed to explain and predict healthrelated behaviors, particularly in regard to the uptake of health services. Strengths weaknesses health belief model focuses on. However, this may oversimplify the decision making process by not taking into account other irrational factors that affect the way individuals consider their health. The health belief model hbm hypothesizes that health related behavior depends on the combination of several factors, namely, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and selfefficacy. Key elements of the health belief model focus on individual beliefs. Becker is professor chair, department of health behavior and health education, the university of michigan. I created this diagram in powerpoint in november 20. The premise of the health belief model is an individual will take action to improve their health for a variety of reasons including, if they feel a negative health condition can be avoided, or if they can take action with confidence while being comfortable. Get an answer for what are the factors, strengths, and weaknesses of the health belief model.
The health belief model hbm has been widely adapted and applied in various health domains. The hbm is a health specific social cognition model ajzen 1998, the key components and constructs that is, complex. Selfefficacy is a construct in many behavioral theories as it directly relates to whether a person performs the desired behavior. Limited ability for predicting sexual practices in university students in 1992, a survey was conducted on 122 us college students aged 1735 to predict condom usage and risky sexual practices. It was originally developed in the 1950s, and updated in the 1980s. Limitations of the health belief model the hbm may help guide health professionals in the development of sex education programs and individual counseling, but the limitations. Health belief model result of studies by hochbaum and others in the us public health service were summarized in the health belief model early model described in 1958 rosenbaum published more detailed description in 1966 further elaboration by becker and others in 1970s and 1980s. It is used to explain and predict individual changes in health behaviors.
Perceived susceptibility refers to an individuals opinion of the chances of. According to the model, an individuals decision to engage in a health behaviour is based on his perceptions. Strengths weaknesses health belief modelfocuses on subjective beliefsassumes behavior is rational, ignores emotional responses to perceived riskassumes people have the skills to alter the behaviorignores social context of behaviorsdoesnt account for social related factors that influence health behavior, since the theory focuses on individualleaves out belief that you can perform. Similarities and differences similarities both models aim to determine what it takes for people to protect themselves from illness clemow, 2004 and to understand, predict, and affect individuals health behaviors and the ability to change glanz, rimer, viswanath, 2008. In 1992, a survey was conducted on 122 us college students aged 1735 to predict condom usage and risky sexual practices. The hbm was first introduced in the nineteen fifties by a group of psychologists who were trying to establish why a free tuberculosis health screening program had failed to engage the general public tooltip content. Oct 10, 2014 to understand whether patient perceptions of patient safety play a role in patient involvement in factual and challenging patient safety practices and whether the constructs of the health belief model hbm help to explain such perceptions. Using the health belief model as a theoretical framework, health care providers can guide the adolescent to make realistic risk assessments and identify positive ways of incorporating condoms into their sexual lives. Other theories have since followed and applied to both acute and chronic health conditions. Health belief model hbm doe fusion energy sciences.
Therefore, by changing his perception, one can get him to adopt a new behaviour. The health belief model and preventive health behavior. Before describing these models, it is useful to first understand some basic terms, including theory, model, concept, and construct. The purpose of this research was to investigate how university students nutrition beliefs influence their health behavioral intention. Health promotion model clinical assessment for health promotion plan example. The health belief model hbm, developed by becker and maiman 1975, is useful in explicating selfcare activities such as diabetes management recommendations and has a focus on behavior related to the prevention of disease. Limited ability for predicting sexual practices in university students.
Many factors contribute to the motivation for condom use and should be assessed individually. The health belief model the health belief model presented in figure 1 is an updated version of the original schema, primarily based on rosenstock et al 1994. Public health service 1950s group of social psychologists trying to explain why people did not participate in prevention and screening programs. The model is based on the theory that a persons willingness to change their health behaviors is primarily due to the following factors. Improving nutrition assess current stage of positive nutrition practices precontemplation pc, contemplation c, planningpreparation p, action a, maintenance m. Washington, united states government printing office, 1962. Specifically, selfefficacy is proposed as a separate independent variable along with the traditional health belief variables of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers. Public health service to explain why many people did not participate in public health programs such as tb or cervical cancer screening 1. We begin this section with an overview of the health belief model hbm and its limitations. Diabetes knowledge, health belief, and diabetes management. Health belief model 3 social, economic and environmental factor integration areas of use effectiveness in predicting and efecting behavioural change impact on health outcomes overall model evaluation and summary evidence statement evidence statement 2.
The health belief model and compliance with hypertension treatment. If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box. The tpb has shown more utility in public health than the health belief model, but it is still limiting in its inability to consider environmental and economic influences. It does not account for a persons attitudes, beliefs, or other individual determinants that dictate a persons acceptance of a health behavior. Initially, the researchers created this theory in the sphere of social science in the early 1950s with the primary purpose to understand and assess the failure of people to adopt strategies that may prevent. The health belief model one of the earliest behaviour change models to explain human health decisionmaking and subsequent behaviour is based on the following six constructs. Health belief model scale for cervical cancer and pap. The health belief model emphasizes that tobacco use is determined by an individuals perceptions regarding. Theory of reasoned action an overview sciencedirect topics. The biopsychosocial model and its limitations psychology. The health belief model as an explanatory framework in. Table of contents boston university school of public health.
The major concepts and definitions of the health belief model 5 motivation includes the desire to comply with a treatment and the belief that people should do what. The utility of health belief model to explain self. The health belief model is one of the most widespread and successful theories used in the sphere of health education and health promotion. The health belief model includes the motivational, attitudinal, and selfefficacy components of various theories. The health belief model hbm is a social psychological health behavior change model developed to explain and predict health related behaviors, particularly in regard to the uptake of health services. Applicability and limitations of the health belief model numerous studies have examined womens decisions for or against having preventive surgery to reduce their cancer risk 23. The key variables of the health belief model are as follows 4.
The major concepts and definitions of the health belief model 6 modifying factors. Public health service and remains one of the best known and most widely. Department of health national institute for clinical excellence 3 1. The health belief model was applied in this study to explain the chinese underground coal miners ucms selfprotective behaviour spb. A metaanalysis of the effectiveness of health belief model. Understanding the beliefs of women in respect of cervical cancer and the pap smear test will help healthcare professionals to develop more effective cervical cancer screening programmes. Jan 14, 2019 the health belief model hbm is a tool that scientists use to try and predict health behaviors. Historical origins of the health belief model irwin m. I, the holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following licenses. Historical origins of the model lewins field theory 1935 introduced the concept of barriers to and facilitators of behavior change u. The theory of reasoned action tra and theory of planned behavior tpb as developed by ajzen and fishbein 20 and ajzen 21 take into account the individuals attitude and social norms as well as the individuals perceived.
In terms of the models overall impact, an analysis by zimmerman and vernberg 1994focusedonthepredictive power of the model in its entirety. The foundation of the hbm is that individuals will take action to prevent, control, or treat a health problem if they perceive the problem to be severe in nature. Health belief model and hypertension treatment compliance. Perceptions regarding susceptibility to hiv infection, severity of the disease, benefits or barriers to hivantibody testing, and personal selfefficacy for engaging in protective behaviors were assessed in testers those who have been tested for hiv infection and nontesters. While the health belief model has many benefits, it also has many limitations. Health belief model the health belief model stipulates that a persons healthrelated behavior depends on the persons perception of four critical areas. All participants in the present study are from the same coal mine company, which limited the generalisability of the findings to the whole chinese ucm. Key constructs in the health belief model include perceived risks and benefits with regard to tobacco use, perceived barriers and. Theory of reasoned action tra and theory planned behaviour tpb 6. While the model seems to be an ideal explanatory framework for communication research, theoretical limitations have limited its use in. The health belief model and the transtheoretical model. This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution.
More recently, in ametaanalysisof18studiesn 2,702, including those. Using the health belief model to explain patient involvement. While using the health belief model for this study it attempts to investigate college students health behavior, address the determinants of eating behavior and physical activity, and it assesses if those underlying factors are interrelated. Pdf johns hopkins bloomberg school of public health. Health belief model hbm summary the basic idea of the original version of this model was that, if people know about a serious health threat, feel at risk of it personally, and think that the benefits of taking an action to avoid the threat outweigh the costs of the action, they will do what it takes to reduce their risk. Its aim is to examine the use of the health belief model hbm, the theory of reasoned action tra, the theory of planned behaviour tpb and the transtheoretical model ttm, often also referred to as the stages of change soc model to study and predict health related behaviour change measured in terms of. Includes personality variables, patient satisfaction, and sociodemographic factors. Health belief model and compliance in hypertension. Furthermore, it will factor in if more information or education would change an. The health belief model hbm is a tool that scientists use to try and predict health behaviors. The development of the theory of planned behavior and. Health belief model hbm was used as a theoretical framework of the study. Therefore it is critical that health promotion be fully explored in this population. The health belief model rural health promotion and disease.
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